Authors: Auerbach AD, Neinstein A, Khanna R
Authors: Wray CM, Auerbach AD, Arora VM
Authors: DiPette DJ, Skeete J, Ridley E, Campbell NRC, Lopez-Jaramillo P, Kishore SP, Jaffe MG, Coca A, Townsend RR, Ordunez P
Authors: Flanigan PM, Jahangiri A, Weinstein D, Dayani F, Chandra A, Kanungo I, Choi S, Sankaran S, Molinaro AM, McDermott MW, Berger MS, Aghi MK
Authors: Greysen SR, Harrison JD, Rareshide C, Magan Y, Seghal N, Rosenthal J, Jacolbia R, Auerbach AD
Authors: Heller DJ, Kishore SP
Authors: Rambachan A
The term Caucasian is ubiquitous in the medical field. It is used without a significant consideration of its history or medical necessity. First, the term Caucasian has racist historical origins in a beauty-based hierarchy with implied superiority. It is derived from a 1700's historical scheme which places Caucasians above the other, degenerated racial groups. Second, the pseudo-scientific justification for this hierarchy has been co-opted to legally justify discrimination against minority groups in the USA. Third, the unnecessary and incorrect application of antiquated racial identifiers negatively impacts patient care. Disentangling real, clinically meaningful genetic differences from superficial racial determinations remains an ongoing challenge. Framing patient care through Caucasian or white lens leads to the unequal care and the otherization of minority groups. Fourth, we must develop a more appropriate, racially sensitive system for patient identification in clinical practice and research. This demands intentionality, precision, and consistency.
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| Volume 131 of Issue 10
| Volume 131 of Issue 10
Authors: Rosner S, Insetta ER
Authors: Craig A, Dzeng E
Authors: Dzeng E, Pantilat SZ
Authors: Dzeng E, Booth J
Authors: Dzeng E, Curtis JR
Authors: Craig A, Dzeng E
Authors: Dzeng E, Pantilat SZ
Authors: Dzeng E, Pantilat SZ
Authors: Fortin A, Mills LM
Authors: Khachatryan V, Sirunyan AM, Tumasyan A, Adam W, Asilar E, Bergauer T, Brandstetter J, Brondolin E, Dragicevic M, Erö J, Flechl M, Friedl M, Frühwirth R, Ghete VM, Hartl C, Hörmann N, Hrubec J, Jeitler M, Knünz V, König A, Krammer M, Krätschmer I, Liko D, Matsushita T, Mikulec I, Rabady D, Rahbaran B, Rohringer H, Schieck J, Schöfbeck R, Strauss J, Treberer-Treberspurg W, Waltenberger W, Wulz CE, Mossolov V, Shumeiko N, Suarez Gonzalez J, Alderweireldt S, Cornelis T, De Wolf EA, Janssen X, Knutsson A, Lauwers J, Luyckx S, Van De Klundert M, Van Haevermaet H, Van Mechelen P, Van Remortel N, Van Spilbeeck A, Zeid SA, Blekman F, D'Hondt J, Daci N, De Bruyn I, Deroover K, Heracleous N, Keaveney J, Lowette S, Maes M, Moreels L, Olbrechts A, Python Q, Strom D, Tavernier S, Van Doninck W, Van Mulders P, Van Onsem GP, Van Parijs I, Barria P, Brun H, Caillol C, Clerbaux B, De Lentdecker G, Fasanella G, Favart L, Grebenyuk A, Karapostoli G, Lenzi T, Léonard A, Maerschalk T, Marinov A, Perniè L, Randle-Conde A, Reis T, Seva T, Velde CV, Vanlaer P, Yonamine R, Zenoni F, Zhang F, Beernaert K, Benucci L, Cimmino A, Costantini S, Crucy S, Dobur D, Fagot A, Garcia G, Gul M, Mccartin J, Ocampo Rios AA, Poyraz D, Ryckbosch D, Salva S, Sigamani M, Strobbe N, Tytgat M, Van Driessche W, Yazgan E, Zaganidis N, Basegmez S, Beluffi C, Bondu O, Brochet S, Bruno G, Caudron A, Ceard L, Da Silveira GG, Delaere C, Favart D, Forthomme L, Giammanco A, Hollar J, Jafari A, Jez P, Komm M, Lemaitre V, Mertens A, Musich M, Nuttens C, Perrini L, Pin A, Piotrzkowski K, Popov A, Quertenmont L, Selvaggi M, Vidal Marono M, Beliy N, Hammad GH, Aldá Júnior WL, Alves FL, Alves GA, Brito L, Correa Martins Junior M, Hamer M, Hensel C, Mora Herrera C, Moraes A, Pol ME, Rebello Teles P, Belchior Batista Das Chagas E, Carvalho W, Chinellato J, Custódio A, Da Costa EM, Damiao DJ, De Oliveira Martins C, De Souza SF, Huertas Guativa LM, Malbouisson H, Matos Figueiredo D, Mundim L, Nogima H, Prado Da Silva WL, Santoro A, Sznajder A, Tonelli Manganote EJ, Vilela Pereira A, Ahuja S, Bernardes CA, De Souza Santos A, Dogra S, Fernandez Perez Tomei TR, Gregores EM, Mercadante PG, Moon CS, Novaes SF, Padula SS, Romero Abad D, Ruiz Vargas JC, Aleksandrov A, Hadjiiska R, Iaydjiev P, Rodozov M, Stoykova S, Sultanov G, Vutova M, Dimitrov A, Glushkov I, Litov L, Pavlov B, Petkov P, Ahmad M, Bian JG, Chen GM, Chen HS, Chen M, Cheng T, Du R, Jiang CH, Plestina R, Romeo F, Shaheen SM, Spiezia A, Tao J, Wang C, Wang Z, Zhang H, Asawatangtrakuldee C, Ban Y, Li Q, Liu S, Mao Y, Qian SJ, Wang D, Xu Z, Avila C, Cabrera A, Chaparro Sierra LF, Florez C, Gomez JP, Moreno BG, Sanabria JC, Godinovic N, Lelas D, Puljak I, Ribeiro Cipriano PM, Antunovic Z, Kovac M, Brigljevic V, Kadija K, Luetic J, Micanovic S, Sudic L, Attikis A, Mavromanolakis G, Mousa J, Nicolaou C, Ptochos F, Razis PA, Rykaczewski H, Bodlak M, Finger M, Finger M, Abdelalim AA, Awad A, El Sawy M, Mahrous A, Radi A, Calpas B, Kadastik M, Murumaa M, Raidal M, Tiko A, Veelken C, Eerola P, Pekkanen J, Voutilainen M, Härkönen J, Karimäki V, Kinnunen R, Lampén T, Lassila-Perini K, Lehti S, Lindén T, Luukka P, Mäenpää T, Peltola T, Tuominen E, Tuominiemi J, Tuovinen E, Wendland L, Talvitie J, Tuuva T, Besancon M, Couderc F, Dejardin M, Denegri D, Fabbro B, Faure JL, Favaro C, Ferri F, Ganjour S, Givernaud A, Gras P, Hamel de Monchenault G, Jarry P, Locci E, Machet M, Malcles J, Rander J, Rosowsky A, Titov M, Zghiche A, Antropov I, Baffioni S, Beaudette F, Busson P, Cadamuro L, Chapon E, Charlot C, Dahms T, Davignon O, Filipovic N, Florent A, Granier de Cassagnac R, Lisniak S, Mastrolorenzo L, Miné P, Naranjo IN, Nguyen M, Ochando C, Ortona G, Paganini P, Pigard P, Regnard S, Salerno R, Sauvan JB, Sirois Y, Strebler T, Yilmaz Y, Zabi A, Agram JL, Andrea J, Aubin A, Bloch D, Brom JM, Buttignol M, Chabert EC, Chanon N, Collard C, Conte E, Coubez X, Fontaine JC, Gelé D, Goerlach U, Goetzmann C, Le Bihan AC, Merlin JA, Skovpen K, et al
Authors: Khachatryan V, Sirunyan AM, Tumasyan A, Adam W, Asilar E, Bergauer T, Brandstetter J, Brondolin E, Dragicevic M, Erö J, Flechl M, Friedl M, Frühwirth R, Ghete VM, Hartl C, Hörmann N, Hrubec J, Jeitler M, König A, Krätschmer I, Liko D, Matsushita T, Mikulec I, Rabady D, Rad N, Rahbaran B, Rohringer H, Schieck J, Strauss J, Treberer-Treberspurg W, Waltenberger W, Wulz CE, Mossolov V, Shumeiko N, Suarez Gonzalez J, Alderweireldt S, Cornelis T, De Wolf EA, Janssen X, Knutsson A, Lauwers J, Luyckx S, Van De Klundert M, Van Haevermaet H, Van Mechelen P, Van Remortel N, Van Spilbeeck A, Abu Zeid S, Blekman F, D'Hondt J, Daci N, De Bruyn I, Deroover K, Heracleous N, Lowette S, Moortgat S, Moreels L, Olbrechts A, Python Q, Tavernier S, Van Doninck W, Van Mulders P, Van Parijs I, Brun H, Caillol C, Clerbaux B, De Lentdecker G, Delannoy H, Fasanella G, Favart L, Goldouzian R, Grebenyuk A, Karapostoli G, Lenzi T, Léonard A, Maerschalk T, Marinov A, Randle-Conde A, Seva T, Vander Velde C, Vanlaer P, Yonamine R, Zenoni F, Zhang F, Cimmino A, Dobur D, Fagot A, Garcia G, Gul M, Mccartin J, Poyraz D, Salva S, Schöfbeck R, Tytgat M, Van Driessche W, Yazgan E, Zaganidis N, Beluffi C, Bondu O, Brochet S, Bruno G, Caudron A, Ceard L, De Visscher S, Delaere C, Delcourt M, Forthomme L, Francois B, Giammanco A, Jafari A, Jez P, Komm M, Lemaitre V, Magitteri A, Mertens A, Musich M, Nuttens C, Piotrzkowski K, Quertenmont L, Selvaggi M, Vidal Marono M, Wertz S, Beliy N, Aldá Júnior WL, Alves FL, Alves GA, Brito L, Correa Martins Junior M, Hensel C, Moraes A, Pol ME, Rebello Teles P, Belchior Batista Das Chagas E, Carvalho W, Chinellato J, Custódio A, Da Costa EM, Da Silveira GG, De Jesus Damiao D, De Oliveira Martins C, Fonseca De Souza S, Huertas Guativa LM, Malbouisson H, Matos Figueiredo D, Mora Herrera C, Mundim L, Nogima H, Prado Da Silva WL, Santoro A, Sznajder A, Tonelli Manganote EJ, Vilela Pereira A, Ahuja S, Bernardes CA, Dogra S, Fernandez Perez Tomei TR, Gregores EM, Mercadante PG, Moon CS, Novaes SF, Padula SS, Romero Abad D, Ruiz Vargas JC, Aleksandrov A, Hadjiiska R, Iaydjiev P, Rodozov M, Stoykova S, Sultanov G, Vutova M, Dimitrov A, Glushkov I, Litov L, Pavlov B, Petkov P, Fang W, Ahmad M, Bian JG, Chen GM, Chen HS, Chen M, Chen Y, Cheng T, Du R, Jiang CH, Leggat D, Liu Z, Romeo F, Shaheen SM, Spiezia A, Tao J, Wang C, Wang Z, Zhang H, Zhao J, Asawatangtrakuldee C, Ban Y, Li Q, Liu S, Mao Y, Qian SJ, Wang D, Xu Z, Avila C, Cabrera A, Chaparro Sierra LF, Florez C, Gomez JP, Ruiz Alvarez JD, Sanabria JC, Godinovic N, Lelas D, Puljak I, Ribeiro Cipriano PM, Antunovic Z, Kovac M, Brigljevic V, Ferencek D, Kadija K, Luetic J, Micanovic S, Sudic L, Attikis A, Mavromanolakis G, Mousa J, Nicolaou C, Ptochos F, Razis PA, Rykaczewski H, Finger M, Finger M, Carrera Jarrin E, Awad A, Elgammal S, Mohamed A, Salama E, Calpas B, Kadastik M, Murumaa M, Perrini L, Raidal M, Tiko A, Veelken C, Eerola P, Pekkanen J, Voutilainen M, Härkönen J, Karimäki V, Kinnunen R, Lampén T, Lassila-Perini K, Lehti S, Lindén T, Luukka P, Peltola T, Tuominiemi J, Tuovinen E, Wendland L, Talvitie J, Tuuva T, Besancon M, Couderc F, Dejardin M, Denegri D, Fabbro B, Faure JL, Favaro C, Ferri F, Ganjour S, Ghosh S, Givernaud A, Gras P, Hamel de Monchenault G, Jarry P, Locci E, Machet M, Malcles J, Rander J, Rosowsky A, Titov M, Zghiche A, Abdulsalam A, Antropov I, Baffioni S, Beaudette F, Busson P, Cadamuro L, Chapon E, Charlot C, Davignon O, Granier de Cassagnac R, Jo M, Lisniak S, Miné P, Naranjo IN, Nguyen M, Ochando C, Ortona G, Paganini P, Pigard P, Regnard S, Salerno R, Sirois Y, Strebler T, Yilmaz Y, Zabi A, Agram JL, Andrea J, Aubin A, Bloch D, Brom JM, Buttignol M, Chabert EC, Chanon N, Collard C, Conte E, Coubez X, Fontaine JC, Gelé D, Goerlach U, Le Bihan AC, Merlin JA, Skovpen K, Van Hove P, Gadrat S, Beauceron S, Bernet C, Boudoul G, Bouvier E, Carrillo Montoya CA, Chierici R, Contardo D, Courbon B, Depasse P, El Mamouni H, Fan J, Fay J, Gascon S, et al
Authors: Armstrong K, Anderson ME, Carethers JM, Loscalzo J, Parmacek MS, Wachter RM, Zeidel ML
Authors: Famous KR, Delucchi K, Ware LB, Kangelaris KN, Liu KD, Thompson BT, Calfee CS, ARDS Network
Authors: Wysham KD, Murray SG, Hills N, Yelin E, Gensler LS
Authors: Khachatryan V, Sirunyan AM, Tumasyan A, Adam W, Asilar E, Bergauer T, Brandstetter J, Brondolin E, Dragicevic M, Erö J, Flechl M, Friedl M, Frühwirth R, Ghete VM, Hartl C, Hörmann N, Hrubec J, Jeitler M, König A, Krätschmer I, Liko D, Matsushita T, Mikulec I, Rabady D, Rad N, Rahbaran B, Rohringer H, Schieck J, Strauss J, Treberer-Treberspurg W, Waltenberger W, Wulz CE, Mossolov V, Shumeiko N, Gonzalez JS, Alderweireldt S, De Wolf EA, Janssen X, Lauwers J, Van De Klundert M, Van Haevermaet H, Van Mechelen P, Van Remortel N, Van Spilbeeck A, Zeid SA, Blekman F, D'Hondt J, Daci N, De Bruyn I, Deroover K, Heracleous N, Lowette S, Moortgat S, Moreels L, Olbrechts A, Python Q, Tavernier S, Van Doninck W, Van Mulders P, Van Parijs I, Brun H, Caillol C, Clerbaux B, De Lentdecker G, Delannoy H, Fasanella G, Favart L, Goldouzian R, Grebenyuk A, Karapostoli G, Lenzi T, Léonard A, Luetic J, Maerschalk T, Marinov A, Randle-Conde A, Seva T, Velde CV, Vanlaer P, Yonamine R, Zenoni F, Zhang F, Cimmino A, Cornelis T, Dobur D, Fagot A, Garcia G, Gul M, Poyraz D, Salva S, Schöfbeck R, Tytgat M, Van Driessche W, Yazgan E, Zaganidis N, Bakhshiansohi H, Beluffi C, Bondu O, Brochet S, Bruno G, Caudron A, De Visscher S, Delaere C, Delcourt M, Forthomme L, Francois B, Giammanco A, Jafari A, Jez P, Komm M, Lemaitre V, Magitteri A, Mertens A, Musich M, Nuttens C, Piotrzkowski K, Quertenmont L, Selvaggi M, Marono MV, Wertz S, Beliy N, Júnior WLA, Alves FL, Alves GA, Brito L, Hensel C, Moraes A, Pol ME, Teles PR, Chagas EBBD, Carvalho W, Chinellato J, Custódio A, Costa EMD, Silveira GGD, Damiao DJ, Martins CO, De Souza SF, Guativa LMH, Malbouisson H, Figueiredo DM, Herrera CM, Mundim L, Nogima H, Silva WLPD, Santoro A, Sznajder A, Manganote EJT, Pereira AV, Ahuja S, Bernardes CA, Dogra S, Tomei TRFP, Gregores EM, Mercadante PG, Moon CS, Novaes SF, Padula SS, Abad DR, Vargas JCR, Aleksandrov A, Hadjiiska R, Iaydjiev P, Rodozov M, Stoykova S, Sultanov G, Vutova M, Dimitrov A, Glushkov I, Litov L, Pavlov B, Petkov P, Fang W, Ahmad M, Bian JG, Chen GM, Chen HS, Chen M, Chen Y, Cheng T, Jiang CH, Leggat D, Liu Z, Romeo F, Shaheen SM, Spiezia A, Tao J, Wang C, Wang Z, Zhang H, Zhao J, Ban Y, Chen G, Li Q, Liu S, Mao Y, Qian SJ, Wang D, Xu Z, Avila C, Cabrera A, Sierra LFC, Florez C, Gomez JP, Hernández CFG, Alvarez JDR, Sanabria JC, Godinovic N, Lelas D, Puljak I, Cipriano PMR, Antunovic Z, Kovac M, Brigljevic V, Ferencek D, Kadija K, Micanovic S, Sudic L, Susa T, Attikis A, Mavromanolakis G, Mousa J, Nicolaou C, Ptochos F, Razis PA, Rykaczewski H, Finger M, Jr MF, Jarrin EC, Assran Y, Elkafrawy T, Mahrous A, Calpas B, Kadastik M, Murumaa M, Perrini L, Raidal M, Tiko A, Veelken C, Eerola P, Pekkanen J, Voutilainen M, Härkönen J, Karimäki V, Kinnunen R, Lampén T, Lassila-Perini K, Lehti S, Lindén T, Luukka P, Peltola T, Tuominiemi J, Tuovinen E, Wendland L, Talvitie J, Tuuva T, Besancon M, Couderc F, Dejardin M, Denegri D, Fabbro B, Faure JL, Favaro C, Ferri F, Ganjour S, Ghosh S, Givernaud A, Gras P, de Monchenault GH, Jarry P, Kucher I, Locci E, Machet M, Malcles J, Rander J, Rosowsky A, Titov M, Zghiche A, Abdulsalam A, Antropov I, Baffioni S, Beaudette F, Busson P, Cadamuro L, Chapon E, Charlot C, Davignon O, de Cassagnac RG, Jo M, Lisniak S, Miné P, Nguyen M, Ochando C, Ortona G, Paganini P, Pigard P, Regnard S, Salerno R, Sirois Y, Strebler T, Yilmaz Y, Zabi A, Agram JL, Andrea J, Aubin A, Bloch D, Brom JM, Buttignol M, Chabert EC, Chanon N, Collard C, Conte E, Coubez X, Fontaine JC, Gelé D, Goerlach U, Bihan AL, Merlin JA, Skovpen K, Van Hove P, Gadrat S, Beauceron S, Bernet C, Boudoul G, Bouvier E, Montoya CAC, Chierici R, Contardo D, Courbon B, Depasse P, Mamouni HE, Fan J, Fay J, Gascon S, Gouzevitch M, Grenier G, Ille B, Lagarde F, Laktineh IB, Lethuillier M, Mirabito L, Pequegnot AL, Perries S, Popov A, Sabes D, Sordini V, Donckt MV, Verdier P, Viret S, Toriashvili T, Bagaturia I, Autermann C, Beranek S, Feld L, Heister A, Kiesel MK, et al
Authors: Harrison KL, Dzeng E, Ritchie CS, Shanafelt TD, Kamal AH, Bull JH, Tilburt JC, Swetz KM